Referencing International Human Rights Law In Indonesian Constitutional Adjudication
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev424Keywords:
Constitution, Constitutional Adjudication, Constitutional Court, International Human Rights Law, Judicial ReviewAbstract
The power of the Indonesian Constitutional Court to review laws is a constitutional adjudication process. It is a forum to resolve constitutional issues where a citizen can challenge Law that has injured his rights. The Court's reasoning provides audiences with the debates for its deliberation. Audiences may find reference to the international human rights law. It is an interesting practice. However, there is no studies yet about the information on the statistic of the Court made reference to international human rights law. As such, this study aims to identify reference to international human rights law in the Court's decision on judicial review cases from 2003 to 2016. Additionally, this study also aims to answer the question of what underlies the Court to made reference to international human rights law. As many studies show, the objective of Constitutional Court's references to the international human rights law is to strengthen constitutional rights protection. Nonetheless, the Court did not pay any interests to the global agenda of transnational constitutionalism or a convergence of rights and legal pluralism. The article is divided into 5 (five) sections, commencing with the introduction. The second part discusses the status of international human rights law in Indonesia. As the third presents information on Court's decision which cited international human rights law. Then, the fourth presents typical function of the decision that made reference to international human rights law. It concluded that the practice of referring to international law demonstrates the open attitude of Indonesian constitutional justices to the universal nature of fundamental rights.References
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Choudhry, Sujit, "Migration as a New Metaphor in Comparative Constitutional Law" in The Migration of Constitutional Idea, edited by Sujit Choudhry, 1-37. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Constitutional Court Decision on Review of the Law on Electricity, No. 001-021-022/PUU-I/2003 (The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Law 20/2002).
Constitutional Court Decision on Review of the Law on Election of Member of Parliament, No. 011-017/PUU-I/2003 (The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Law 12/2003).
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Schwartz, Herman. "The Internationalization of Constitutional Law." Human Rights Brief 10, No. 2 (2003): 10-12.
Starke, J.G. Pengantar Hukum Internasional [The Introduction of International Law], Translated by Bambang Djajaatmadja. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2008.
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Tsagourias, Nicholas. Transnational Constitutionalism: International and European Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Van der Schyff, Gerhard and Anne Meuwese. "Dutch Constitutional Law in a Globalising World." Utrecht Law Review 9, no. 2 (2013).
Verdier, Pierre-Hugues, and Mila Versteeg. "International Law in National Legal Systems: An Empirical Investigation." The American Journal of International Law 109, no. 3 (July 2015): 514-533.
Waters, Melissa A. "Creeping Monism: The Judicial Trend Toward Interpretative Incorporation of Human Rights Treaties."Columbia Law Review 107, (2007): 628-705.
Wiegand, Wolfgang. "Reception of American Law in Europe." American Journal of Comparative Law 39, no. 2, (1991): 229-248.
Wise, Edward M. "The Transplant of Legal Patterns." The American Journal of Comparative Law 38, (1990): 1–22.
Yeh, Jiunn-Rong and Wen-Chen Chang. "The Emergence of Transnational Constitutionalism: Its Features, Challenges and Solutions." Pennsylvania State International Law Review 27, no. 1, (2008): 89-124.
Zhang, Diane. "The Use and Misuse of Foreign Materials by the Indonesian Constitutional Court: A Study of Constitutional Court Decisions 2003-2008." Master Thesis, The University of Melbourne, 2010.
———. "The Dynamic Development of Indonesia's Attitude Toward International Law." Indonesian Journal of International Law 13, No. 1 (October 2015): 1-31.
Alexy, Robert. A Theory of Constitutional Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Bentele, Ursula. "Mining for Gold: The Constitutional Court of South Africa's Experience with Comparative Constitutional Law." Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 37, no. 2 (2009): 219-265.
Bisariyadi, "Hak Pilih Sebagai Hak Konstitusional: Hak Konstitusional Turunan Ataukah Hak Tersirat? [Right to Vote as Constitutional Right: A Constitutional Derivative Right or An Implied Right?]", in Hak Asasi Manusia: Dialektika Universalisme vs Relativisme di Indonesia [Human Rights: Universalism v.Regionalism], edited by Al Khanif et.al. 199-220. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2017.
Butt, Simon. "The Position of International Law Within the Indonesian Legal System." Emory International Law Review 28, no. 1 (2014): 1-28.
Chang, Wen-Chen and Jiunn-Rong Yeh. "The Use of Foreign Precedents in the Constitutional Court in Taiwan." Preliminary Report for the IACL Research Group, 2008.
Chang, Wen-Chen, "An Isolated Nation with Global-minded Citizens: Bottom-up Transnational Constitutionalism in Taiwan", National Taiwan Law Review 4, no.3 (2009): 2003-235.
Choudhry, Sujit, "Migration as a New Metaphor in Comparative Constitutional Law" in The Migration of Constitutional Idea, edited by Sujit Choudhry, 1-37. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Constitutional Court Decision on Review of the Law on Electricity, No. 001-021-022/PUU-I/2003 (The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Law 20/2002).
Constitutional Court Decision on Review of the Law on Election of Member of Parliament, No. 011-017/PUU-I/2003 (The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Law 12/2003).
Constitutional Court Decision on Review of the Law on Terrorist Attack on Bali Bombing, No. 013/PUU-I/2003 (The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Law 16/2003).
Constitutional Court Decision on Review of the Law on Water Resources, No. 058-059-060-063/PUU-II/2004 and 008/PUU-III/2005 (The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Law 7/2004).
Constitutional Court Decision on Review of the Law on Election of Member of Parliament, No. 15/PUU-VI/2008 (The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Law 10/2008).
Constitutional Court Decision on Review of the Law on Corruption Erradication Commission, No. 133/PUU-VII/2009 (The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Law 30/2002).
Constitutional Court Decision on Review of the Law on ASEAN Charter, No. 33/PUU-IX/2011 (The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Law 38/2008).
Constitutional Court Decision on Review of the Law on Local Government, No. 55/PUU-XIV/2016 (The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Law 23/2014).
Ejima, Akiko."Enigmatic Attitude of the Supreme Court of Japan towards Foreign Precedents – Refusal at the Front Door and Admission at the Back Door." Meiji Law Journal 16, (2009): 19-44.
Friedman, Berry and Cheryl Saunders. "Introduction to the Symposium on Constitutional Borrowing." International Journal of Constitutional Law 1, no. 2 (2003).
Haljan, David. Separating Powers: International Law Before National Courts. The Hague: TMC Asser Press, 2013.
Jackson, Vicki C. Constitutional Engagement in A Transnational Era. Oxford University Press, 2010.
Kirby, Michael. "Judicial Dissent – Common Law and Civil Law Tradition." Law Quarterly Review, http://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/publications/speeches/former-justices/kirbyj/kirbyj_06.pdf accessed 21 April 2018.
Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar, and Etty R Agoes. Pengantar Hukum Internasional. Bandung: Penerbit Alumni, 2003.
Koskenniemi, Martti. From Apology to Utopia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Lamparello, Adam. "Fundamental Unenumerated Rights Under the Ninth Amendment and the Privileges or Immunities Clause." Akron Law Review 49, no. 1 (2015): 179-206.
Lee, Suk Tae. "South Korea: Implementation and Application of Human Rights Covenants." Michigan Journal of International Law 14, (1993): 705-738.
Lovric, Daniel "A Constitution Friendly to International Law: Germany and Its Volkerrechtsfreundlichkeit." Australian Year Book of International Law 25 (2006): 75-104.
Markesinis, Basil and Jorg Fedtke. Judicial Recourse to Foreign Law. New York: Routledge-Cavendish, 2006.
Neuman, Gerald L."Human Rights and Constitutional Rights: Harmony and Dissonance." Stanford Law Review 55, No. 5 (May 2003): 1863-1900.
Osiatynski, Wiktor. "Paradoxes of Constitutional Borrowing." International Journal of Constitutional Law 1, no.2, (2003): 244-268.
Palguna, I Dewa Gede. "The Influence of International Law in the Indonesian Constitutional Court Decision." Paper (unpublished) presented for General Lecture at The Hague University of Applied Science, The Hague, 24 October 2017.
Saunders, Cheryl. "Judicial Engagement with Comparative Law." In Comparative Constitutional Law, edited by Tom Ginsburg and Rosalind Dixon. Chetenham: Edward Elgar, 2011.
Schwartz, Herman. "The Internationalization of Constitutional Law." Human Rights Brief 10, No. 2 (2003): 10-12.
Starke, J.G. Pengantar Hukum Internasional [The Introduction of International Law], Translated by Bambang Djajaatmadja. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2008.
Stone, Adrienne. "The Limits of Constitutional Text and Structure: Standards of Review and the Freedom of Political Communication." Melbourne University Law Review 23, no. 3, (1999): 668-708.
Tsagourias, Nicholas. Transnational Constitutionalism: International and European Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Van der Schyff, Gerhard and Anne Meuwese. "Dutch Constitutional Law in a Globalising World." Utrecht Law Review 9, no. 2 (2013).
Verdier, Pierre-Hugues, and Mila Versteeg. "International Law in National Legal Systems: An Empirical Investigation." The American Journal of International Law 109, no. 3 (July 2015): 514-533.
Waters, Melissa A. "Creeping Monism: The Judicial Trend Toward Interpretative Incorporation of Human Rights Treaties."Columbia Law Review 107, (2007): 628-705.
Wiegand, Wolfgang. "Reception of American Law in Europe." American Journal of Comparative Law 39, no. 2, (1991): 229-248.
Wise, Edward M. "The Transplant of Legal Patterns." The American Journal of Comparative Law 38, (1990): 1–22.
Yeh, Jiunn-Rong and Wen-Chen Chang. "The Emergence of Transnational Constitutionalism: Its Features, Challenges and Solutions." Pennsylvania State International Law Review 27, no. 1, (2008): 89-124.
Zhang, Diane. "The Use and Misuse of Foreign Materials by the Indonesian Constitutional Court: A Study of Constitutional Court Decisions 2003-2008." Master Thesis, The University of Melbourne, 2010.
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Bisariyadi, B. (2018). Referencing International Human Rights Law In Indonesian Constitutional Adjudication. Constitutional Review, 4(2), 249–270. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev424
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