The Constitutionalization of Budget for Education and Its Judicial Enforcement in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev222Keywords:
Constitutionalization, Budget Education, Judicial EnforcementAbstract
The introduction of provision concerning budget allocation for education in the amended constitution is not a common method in constitutional drafting in Indonesia. This article aims to understanding the background of the inclusion of this provision and its judicial enforcement. It argues that the establishment of this provision closely related to the fact that education was not properly funded. As a result, the quality of education was negatively affected. The constitutionalisation of budget for education opens the possibility to allocate the national budget in this field in a more sustainable way. In addition, by constitutionalizing budget for education, there is a legal avenue available to challenge the government policy if the government fails to fulfill its constitutional obligation. The newly established Constitutional Court has the power to review whether the allocation of national budget for education is consistent with the Constitution. In some judicial review cases on budget for education, the Court took legal approach and also extralegal factors in its rulings.References
Books and Articles
Bivitri Susanti, 2008, "The Implementation of the Rights to Helath Care and Education in Indonesia," in Courting Social Justice: Judicial Enforcement of Economic and Social Rights in the Developing World, ed. Varun Gauri and Daniel Brink, First (New York: Cambridge University Press).
Gauri, Varun, and Daniel M. Brinks, eds. 2008 Courting social justice: Judicial enforcement of social and economic rights in the developing world. Cambridge University Press.
George, Tracey E. and Lee Epstein,1992, "On the Nature of Supreme Court Decision Making," American Political Science Review 86, no. 2: 323.
Indrayana, Denny, 2005,"Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999-2002: An Evaluation of Constitution-Making in Transition."
Koichi, Kawamura, 2003, "Politics of the 1945 Constitution: Democratization and Its Impact on Political Institutions in Indonesia," I.D.E. Research Papers,57, http://hdl.handle.net/2344/811.Lindsey, Tim and Butt, Simon ,2012, The Constitution of Indonesia: A Contextual Analysis (Bloomsbury Publishing).
Manan, Munafrizal. 2015, "The Implementation of the Right to Education in Indonesia." Indonesia Law Review 5, no. 1.
Nolan,Aoife, Rory O'Connell, and Colin Harvey,2013, "Human Rights and Public Finance," Human Rights and Public Finance Edited by Aoife Nolan, Rory O'Connell, Colin Harvey,(Hart, 2013) Forthcoming.
Lindsey,Tim; Butt Simon, 2009, "Economic Reform When the Constitution Matters: Indonesia's Constitutional Court and Article 33 of the Constitution," Social Science Research Network Electronic Library, no. 09.
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Ikhtisar Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi 2003-2008, Pertama (Sekretariat jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Kontroversi Atas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi: Catatan Hakim Konstitusi Soedarsono, Pertama (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tim Penyusun, 2008,Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Konstitusi Yang Hidup Maruarar Siahaan, Pertama (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tim Penyusun, Naskah Komprehensif Proses Dan Hasil Perubahan UUD 1945, Latar Belakang, Proses, Dan Hasil Pembahsan, 1999-2002, Buku IX Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, Revised Ed (Jakarta, n.d.).
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Menegakkan Tiang Konstitusi: Memoar Lima Tahun Kepemimpinan Prof. Dr. Jimly Asshiddiqie,S.H. Di Mahkamah Konstitusi, Pertama (Jakarta: Sekretariat jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi.
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Sang Penggembala, Perjalanan Hidup Dan Pemikiran Hukum (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Konstitusi Sebagai Rumah Bangsa, Pertama (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tanpa Mufakat Bulat: Catatan Hakim Konstitusi Soedarsono, Pertama (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tomasevski, Katarina, 2004, Manual on Rights-Based Education: Global Human Rights Requirements Made Simple, Bangkok UNESCO.
Laws and Court Decisions
TAP MPRS No II/MPRS/1960.
TAP MPRS No. XXVII/MPRS/1966.
Education Law of 1950, 1954, 1989, and 2003.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 011/PUU-III/2005.
Constitutional Court Decisions No. 012/PUU-III/2005.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 26/PUU-III/2005.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 026/PUU-IV/ 2006.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 24/PUU-V/2007.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 13/PUU-VI/2008.
Bivitri Susanti, 2008, "The Implementation of the Rights to Helath Care and Education in Indonesia," in Courting Social Justice: Judicial Enforcement of Economic and Social Rights in the Developing World, ed. Varun Gauri and Daniel Brink, First (New York: Cambridge University Press).
Gauri, Varun, and Daniel M. Brinks, eds. 2008 Courting social justice: Judicial enforcement of social and economic rights in the developing world. Cambridge University Press.
George, Tracey E. and Lee Epstein,1992, "On the Nature of Supreme Court Decision Making," American Political Science Review 86, no. 2: 323.
Indrayana, Denny, 2005,"Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999-2002: An Evaluation of Constitution-Making in Transition."
Koichi, Kawamura, 2003, "Politics of the 1945 Constitution: Democratization and Its Impact on Political Institutions in Indonesia," I.D.E. Research Papers,57, http://hdl.handle.net/2344/811.Lindsey, Tim and Butt, Simon ,2012, The Constitution of Indonesia: A Contextual Analysis (Bloomsbury Publishing).
Manan, Munafrizal. 2015, "The Implementation of the Right to Education in Indonesia." Indonesia Law Review 5, no. 1.
Nolan,Aoife, Rory O'Connell, and Colin Harvey,2013, "Human Rights and Public Finance," Human Rights and Public Finance Edited by Aoife Nolan, Rory O'Connell, Colin Harvey,(Hart, 2013) Forthcoming.
Lindsey,Tim; Butt Simon, 2009, "Economic Reform When the Constitution Matters: Indonesia's Constitutional Court and Article 33 of the Constitution," Social Science Research Network Electronic Library, no. 09.
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Ikhtisar Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi 2003-2008, Pertama (Sekretariat jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Kontroversi Atas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi: Catatan Hakim Konstitusi Soedarsono, Pertama (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tim Penyusun, 2008,Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Konstitusi Yang Hidup Maruarar Siahaan, Pertama (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tim Penyusun, Naskah Komprehensif Proses Dan Hasil Perubahan UUD 1945, Latar Belakang, Proses, Dan Hasil Pembahsan, 1999-2002, Buku IX Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, Revised Ed (Jakarta, n.d.).
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Menegakkan Tiang Konstitusi: Memoar Lima Tahun Kepemimpinan Prof. Dr. Jimly Asshiddiqie,S.H. Di Mahkamah Konstitusi, Pertama (Jakarta: Sekretariat jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi.
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Sang Penggembala, Perjalanan Hidup Dan Pemikiran Hukum (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Konstitusi Sebagai Rumah Bangsa, Pertama (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tim Penyusun, 2008, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tanpa Mufakat Bulat: Catatan Hakim Konstitusi Soedarsono, Pertama (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi).
Tomasevski, Katarina, 2004, Manual on Rights-Based Education: Global Human Rights Requirements Made Simple, Bangkok UNESCO.
Laws and Court Decisions
TAP MPRS No II/MPRS/1960.
TAP MPRS No. XXVII/MPRS/1966.
Education Law of 1950, 1954, 1989, and 2003.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 011/PUU-III/2005.
Constitutional Court Decisions No. 012/PUU-III/2005.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 26/PUU-III/2005.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 026/PUU-IV/ 2006.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 24/PUU-V/2007.
Constitutional Court Decision No. 13/PUU-VI/2008.
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Published
2017-02-06
How to Cite
Omara, A. (2017). The Constitutionalization of Budget for Education and Its Judicial Enforcement in Indonesia. Constitutional Review, 2(2), 189–215. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev222
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