Judicial Independence Under Political Pressure: the High Constitutional Court and Electoral Justice in Madagascar (2009–2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev1125Keywords:
Constitutional complaint, High Constitutional Court (HCC), Judicial independence, Madagascar, Presidential electionAbstract
This paper investigates the relationship between constitutional justice and political power in Madagascar, focusing on the High Constitutional Court (HCC) and its handling of electoral disputes involving Andry Rajoelina from 2009 to 2023. Against the broader principles of constitutional law (i.e., separation of powers, equality before the law, and the integrity of democratic choice) the study explores whether the HCC’s repeated validation of Rajoelina’s candidacies and election results reflects sound constitutional reasoning or risks fostering a de facto constitutional immunity. Using a doctrinal legal method, complemented with comparative approach, centred on close analysis of eight pivotal HCC decisions, the paper examines the normative framework governing Madagascar’s constitutional justice and how it has been applied, with particular attention to judicial independence and the accessibility of constitutional complaint. The findings indicate a pattern: first, the HCC has demonstrated notable interpretative flexibility, particularly regarding nationality and eligibility requirements, often resolving ambiguities in favour of Rajoelina; second, the Court’s consistent dismissal of substantial electoral challenges raises concerns about judicial independence and potential structural partiality; third, this judicial posture may erode equal access to constitutional complaint, subtly privileging certain political actors. The paper concludes by urging Malagasy institutions to reinforce the integrity of constitutional justice, ensure rigorous scrutiny of electoral disputes, and uphold the principle that no one stands above constitutional accountability, thereby preserving public trust in democracy and the rule of law.
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