Shifting the Character of the Constitutional Court Decision Influenced by Political Constellation in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev526Keywords:
Constitutional Court, Judicial Activism, Non-Self-Executing, Political ConstellationAbstract
Recently, the decisions of the Constitutional Court have become one of the focuses in the dynamics of Indonesian state administration. This research discusses the relevance of political constellation in Indonesia and its influence on the changing character of several constitutional court decisions from self-executing to non-self executing. This research aims to find out how the legal impact of shifting the character of the Constitutional Court’s decision in its implementation. This research is a normative study supported by a law, case and conceptual approach. The data used are secondary data, obtained by means of a literature research which is then arranged systematically and analyzed with qualitative analysis. From the results of the analysis it is known that the shift in the character in several decisions of the Constitutional Court was carried out as an effort to offset the political constellation in the legislators. The character shift is done in the hope that it can guarantee the execution of the Constitutional Court’s ruling and can be followed up on by the decision of the ruling. This shows that Constitutional Court judges are trying to find a legal breakthrough in the corridor of judicial activism to make an ideal constitutional review decision.References
Ali, Achmad. Menguak Tabir Hukum (Suatu Kajian Filosofis&Sosiologis) [Revealing the Veil of Law (A Philosophical & Sociological Study)]. Jakarta: Toko Buku Agung, 2002.
Annus, Taavi. "Comparative Constitutional Reasoning: The Law and Strategy of Selecting the Right Arguments." Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 14, no.2 (2004): 301-349.
Arif, Saiful. Demokratisasi Sistem Politik dan Pemerintahan [Democratization of Political and Government Systems]. Malang: Aveross Press, 2011.
Arizona, Yance et.al. Pancasila dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (Kajian terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Perkara yang Berkaitandengan Perlindungan Hak Kelompok Marjinal) [Pancasila in the Constitutional Court's Decision (Study of the Constitutional Court's Decision in Case Related to Protecting the Rights of Marginalized Groups)]. Jakarta: Epistema Institute, 2014.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Hukum Acara Pengujian Undang-Undang [Procedural Law of Constitutional Review]. Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan MK, 2005.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Konstitusi Ekonomi [Economic Constitution]. Jakarta: Kompas Press, 2010.
Asy'ari, Syukri et.al. Model dan Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang (Studi Putusan Tahun 2003-2012) [Model and Implementation of Constitutional Court Decisions in Constitutional Review (Study of Decisions of 2003-2012)]. Jakarta: Case Research and Assessment Center, Management of Information and Communication Technology of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, 2012.
Asyari, Syukri, et. al. "Model dan Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang (Studi Putusan Tahun 2003-2012)" [Model and Implementation of Constitutional Court Decisions in Constitutional Review (Study of Decisions of 2003-2012)]." Journal Konstitusi 10, no. 4, (December 2013): 676-708.
Aziz, Machmud. "Pengujian Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dalam Sistem Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia [Judicial Review in the Indonesian Legislation System"]." Journal Konstitusi 7, no. 5 (October 2010): 113-150.
Bachtiar. Problematika Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi pada Pengujian UU terhadap UUD [Problems with the Implementation of the Constitutional Court's Decision on the Constitutional Review]. Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses, 2015.
Badan Pembangunan Hukum Nasional. "Efektivitas Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Sebagai Penjaga konstitusi (Perspektif Pembinaan Hukum dan Demokrasi) [The Effectiveness of the Role of the Constitutional Court as the Guardian of the Constitution (Perspective of Law and Democracy Development)"].
Paper presented in Continuing Legal Education (CLE) at the Center for Research and Development of BPHN, Ministry of Law and Human Rights, dated, May 3, 2013, Jakarta.
Behrendt, Christian. "Le Juge Constitutionnel, Un Législateur – Cadre Positif (The Constitutional Judge: A Positive Lawmaker-Framework)." Ph.D diss., University of Paris, 2005.
Carias, Allan R. Brewer. Constitutional Court as Positve Legislators: A Comparative Law Study. Cambridge: University Press, 2013.
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. "Mengawal Demokrasi Menegakkan Keadilan Substantif" [Guarding Democracy Upholding Substantive Justice]. Jakarta: Annual Report of Constitutional Court, 2009.
Comella, Victor Ferreres. "The European Model of Constitutional Review of Legislation: Toward Decentralization?" International Journal of Constitutional Law 2, no.3 (2004): 461-491.
Ekatjahjana, Widodo. "Mencermati Ratio Decendi MK dalam Putusan Nomor 122/PUU-VII/2009 tentang Penderogasian Norma Hukum dan Sifat Putusan PTUN" "[Observing of Ratio Decendi in Decision Number 122/PUU-VII/2009
concerning the Derogation of Legal Norms and the Character of PTUN Decisions]." Journal Konstitusi 7, no. 5 (October 2010): 001-012.
Fabbrini, Federico. "Kelsen in Paris: France's Constitutional Reform and the Introduction of a Posteriori Constitutional Review of Legislation." German Law Journal 9, no. 10 (2008): 1297-1312.
Friedman, Lawrence M. Hukum Amerika Sebuah Pengantar [American Law An Introduction], trans.Wishnu Basuki. Jakarta: Tata Nusa, 2001.
Ginsburg, Tom. "Building Reputation in Constitutional Courts: Political and Judicial Audiences." Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law 28, no. 3 (2011): 539-568.
Hadjar, A. Fickar et.al., Pokok-Pokok Pikiran dan Rancangan Undang-undang Mahkamah Konstitusi [Principles and Thoughts and Draft Law of the Constitutional Court]. Jakarta: KRHN dan Kemitraan, 2003.
Indrayana, Denny and Zainal Arifin Mochtar. "Komparasi Sifat Mengikat Putusan Judicial Review Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara [Comparison of the Binding of Judicial Review Decisions of the Constitutional Court and the State Administrative Court]." Journal of Mimbar Hukum 19, no. 3 (October 2007): 437-454.
Kelsen, Hans. General Theory of Law and State. New York: Russell & Russell, 1961.
Kelsen, Hans. Teori Umum Hukum dan Negara [General Theory of Law and State]. Jakarta: Bee Media, 2007.
Kersch, Ken I. "The New Legal Transnationalism, the Globalized Judiciary and the Rule of Law," Washington University Global Studies Law Review 4, no.2 (2005): 345-387.
Kommers, Donald P. "An Introduction to the Federal Court." German Law Journal 2, no. 9 (2001).
Martitah. Mahkamah Konstitusi: Dari Negative Legislature ke Positive Legislature? [Constitutional Court: From Negative Legislature to Positive Legislature?]. Jakarta: Konspress, 2013.
Mayang, Adam Mulya Bunga and Adeline Syahda. Kepatuhan Penyelenggara Negara terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (Analisis Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusitentang Kehutanan, Pertambangan dan Perkebunan) [Compliance of State Administrators on Constitutional Court Decisions (Analysis of Constitutional Court Decisions on Forestry, Mining and Plantations)]. Jakarta: Yayasan Konstitusi Demokrasi Inisiatif, 2017.
Munthe, Atom Ginting. "Postur 'Rasionalis' dalam Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia Pasca Suharto ['Rationalist' Posture in Post-Suharto Indonesian Foreign Policy]." Law Journal of Pro Jusitia 24, no. 3 (July, 2006): 191-202.
Polamolo, Susanto. "Nalar Fenomenologi; Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pusaran Kekuasaan dan Bahaya Krisis Weltanschauung" "[Phenomenology of Reason; The Constitutional Court in the Weltanschauung Crisis of Power and Danger]."Journal of Konstitusi 11, no. 2 (June 2014): 212-232.
Saunders, Cheryl. "The Use and Misuse of Comparative Constitutional Law." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 13, no.1 (Winter 2006): 37-76.
Siahaan, Maruarar. "Peran Makamah Konstitusi dalam Penegakan Hukum Konstitusi" ["The Role of Constitutional Court in Law Enforcement of the Constitution"]. Journal of Hukum 16, no. 3 (July 2009): 357-378.
Siahaan, Maruarar. Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia [The Procedural Law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2012.
Soeroso, Fajar Laksono. "Aspek Keadilan dalam Sifat Final Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi [The Justice Aspect in the Final Nature of the Constitutional Court's Decision]." Journal of Konstitusi 11, no. 1 (March 2014): 64-84.
Safa'at, Muchamad Ali. "Kekuatan Mengikat dan Pelaksanan Putusan MK [The Binding Strength and Implementation of the Constitutional Court's Decision"].
Accessed August 1, 2018, http://safaat.lectu.re.ub.ac.id/files/2014/03/Kekuatan-Mengikat-dan-Pelaksanaan-Putusan-MK.pdf.
Sweet, Alec Stone. "The Politics of Constitutional Review in France and Europe." International Journal of Constitutional Law 5, no. 1 (January 2007): 69-92.
Syahrizal, Ahmad. "Problem Implementasi Putusan MK [Problems of the implementation of the Constitutional Court's Decision]." Journal of Konstitusi 4, no. I (March 2007): 106-125.
Tushnet, Mark. "The Issue of State Action/Horizontal Effect in Comparative Constitutional Law." I.CON. International Journal of Constitutional Law 1, no. 1 (January 2003): 79-98.
Valea, Daniela Cristina. "The Role of the Romanian Constitutional Court in Protecting and Promoting Human Fundamental Rights and Freedoms."
Accessed August 2, 2018. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271880289_The_Role_of_the_Romanian_Venning, Philippa. "Determination of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by the Indonesian Constitutional Court." Australian Journal of Asian Law 10, no. 1 (2008): 100-132.
Widayati. "Problem Ketidakpatuhan Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Pengujian Undang-Undang [Problems of Non-Compliance with the Constitutional Court's Decision Regarding Judicial Review]." Journal of Pembaharuan Hukum IV, no. 1 (January - April 2017): 1-14.
Annus, Taavi. "Comparative Constitutional Reasoning: The Law and Strategy of Selecting the Right Arguments." Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 14, no.2 (2004): 301-349.
Arif, Saiful. Demokratisasi Sistem Politik dan Pemerintahan [Democratization of Political and Government Systems]. Malang: Aveross Press, 2011.
Arizona, Yance et.al. Pancasila dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (Kajian terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Perkara yang Berkaitandengan Perlindungan Hak Kelompok Marjinal) [Pancasila in the Constitutional Court's Decision (Study of the Constitutional Court's Decision in Case Related to Protecting the Rights of Marginalized Groups)]. Jakarta: Epistema Institute, 2014.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Hukum Acara Pengujian Undang-Undang [Procedural Law of Constitutional Review]. Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan MK, 2005.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Konstitusi Ekonomi [Economic Constitution]. Jakarta: Kompas Press, 2010.
Asy'ari, Syukri et.al. Model dan Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang (Studi Putusan Tahun 2003-2012) [Model and Implementation of Constitutional Court Decisions in Constitutional Review (Study of Decisions of 2003-2012)]. Jakarta: Case Research and Assessment Center, Management of Information and Communication Technology of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, 2012.
Asyari, Syukri, et. al. "Model dan Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang (Studi Putusan Tahun 2003-2012)" [Model and Implementation of Constitutional Court Decisions in Constitutional Review (Study of Decisions of 2003-2012)]." Journal Konstitusi 10, no. 4, (December 2013): 676-708.
Aziz, Machmud. "Pengujian Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dalam Sistem Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia [Judicial Review in the Indonesian Legislation System"]." Journal Konstitusi 7, no. 5 (October 2010): 113-150.
Bachtiar. Problematika Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi pada Pengujian UU terhadap UUD [Problems with the Implementation of the Constitutional Court's Decision on the Constitutional Review]. Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses, 2015.
Badan Pembangunan Hukum Nasional. "Efektivitas Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Sebagai Penjaga konstitusi (Perspektif Pembinaan Hukum dan Demokrasi) [The Effectiveness of the Role of the Constitutional Court as the Guardian of the Constitution (Perspective of Law and Democracy Development)"].
Paper presented in Continuing Legal Education (CLE) at the Center for Research and Development of BPHN, Ministry of Law and Human Rights, dated, May 3, 2013, Jakarta.
Behrendt, Christian. "Le Juge Constitutionnel, Un Législateur – Cadre Positif (The Constitutional Judge: A Positive Lawmaker-Framework)." Ph.D diss., University of Paris, 2005.
Carias, Allan R. Brewer. Constitutional Court as Positve Legislators: A Comparative Law Study. Cambridge: University Press, 2013.
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. "Mengawal Demokrasi Menegakkan Keadilan Substantif" [Guarding Democracy Upholding Substantive Justice]. Jakarta: Annual Report of Constitutional Court, 2009.
Comella, Victor Ferreres. "The European Model of Constitutional Review of Legislation: Toward Decentralization?" International Journal of Constitutional Law 2, no.3 (2004): 461-491.
Ekatjahjana, Widodo. "Mencermati Ratio Decendi MK dalam Putusan Nomor 122/PUU-VII/2009 tentang Penderogasian Norma Hukum dan Sifat Putusan PTUN" "[Observing of Ratio Decendi in Decision Number 122/PUU-VII/2009
concerning the Derogation of Legal Norms and the Character of PTUN Decisions]." Journal Konstitusi 7, no. 5 (October 2010): 001-012.
Fabbrini, Federico. "Kelsen in Paris: France's Constitutional Reform and the Introduction of a Posteriori Constitutional Review of Legislation." German Law Journal 9, no. 10 (2008): 1297-1312.
Friedman, Lawrence M. Hukum Amerika Sebuah Pengantar [American Law An Introduction], trans.Wishnu Basuki. Jakarta: Tata Nusa, 2001.
Ginsburg, Tom. "Building Reputation in Constitutional Courts: Political and Judicial Audiences." Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law 28, no. 3 (2011): 539-568.
Hadjar, A. Fickar et.al., Pokok-Pokok Pikiran dan Rancangan Undang-undang Mahkamah Konstitusi [Principles and Thoughts and Draft Law of the Constitutional Court]. Jakarta: KRHN dan Kemitraan, 2003.
Indrayana, Denny and Zainal Arifin Mochtar. "Komparasi Sifat Mengikat Putusan Judicial Review Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara [Comparison of the Binding of Judicial Review Decisions of the Constitutional Court and the State Administrative Court]." Journal of Mimbar Hukum 19, no. 3 (October 2007): 437-454.
Kelsen, Hans. General Theory of Law and State. New York: Russell & Russell, 1961.
Kelsen, Hans. Teori Umum Hukum dan Negara [General Theory of Law and State]. Jakarta: Bee Media, 2007.
Kersch, Ken I. "The New Legal Transnationalism, the Globalized Judiciary and the Rule of Law," Washington University Global Studies Law Review 4, no.2 (2005): 345-387.
Kommers, Donald P. "An Introduction to the Federal Court." German Law Journal 2, no. 9 (2001).
Martitah. Mahkamah Konstitusi: Dari Negative Legislature ke Positive Legislature? [Constitutional Court: From Negative Legislature to Positive Legislature?]. Jakarta: Konspress, 2013.
Mayang, Adam Mulya Bunga and Adeline Syahda. Kepatuhan Penyelenggara Negara terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (Analisis Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusitentang Kehutanan, Pertambangan dan Perkebunan) [Compliance of State Administrators on Constitutional Court Decisions (Analysis of Constitutional Court Decisions on Forestry, Mining and Plantations)]. Jakarta: Yayasan Konstitusi Demokrasi Inisiatif, 2017.
Munthe, Atom Ginting. "Postur 'Rasionalis' dalam Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia Pasca Suharto ['Rationalist' Posture in Post-Suharto Indonesian Foreign Policy]." Law Journal of Pro Jusitia 24, no. 3 (July, 2006): 191-202.
Polamolo, Susanto. "Nalar Fenomenologi; Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pusaran Kekuasaan dan Bahaya Krisis Weltanschauung" "[Phenomenology of Reason; The Constitutional Court in the Weltanschauung Crisis of Power and Danger]."Journal of Konstitusi 11, no. 2 (June 2014): 212-232.
Saunders, Cheryl. "The Use and Misuse of Comparative Constitutional Law." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 13, no.1 (Winter 2006): 37-76.
Siahaan, Maruarar. "Peran Makamah Konstitusi dalam Penegakan Hukum Konstitusi" ["The Role of Constitutional Court in Law Enforcement of the Constitution"]. Journal of Hukum 16, no. 3 (July 2009): 357-378.
Siahaan, Maruarar. Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia [The Procedural Law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2012.
Soeroso, Fajar Laksono. "Aspek Keadilan dalam Sifat Final Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi [The Justice Aspect in the Final Nature of the Constitutional Court's Decision]." Journal of Konstitusi 11, no. 1 (March 2014): 64-84.
Safa'at, Muchamad Ali. "Kekuatan Mengikat dan Pelaksanan Putusan MK [The Binding Strength and Implementation of the Constitutional Court's Decision"].
Accessed August 1, 2018, http://safaat.lectu.re.ub.ac.id/files/2014/03/Kekuatan-Mengikat-dan-Pelaksanaan-Putusan-MK.pdf.
Sweet, Alec Stone. "The Politics of Constitutional Review in France and Europe." International Journal of Constitutional Law 5, no. 1 (January 2007): 69-92.
Syahrizal, Ahmad. "Problem Implementasi Putusan MK [Problems of the implementation of the Constitutional Court's Decision]." Journal of Konstitusi 4, no. I (March 2007): 106-125.
Tushnet, Mark. "The Issue of State Action/Horizontal Effect in Comparative Constitutional Law." I.CON. International Journal of Constitutional Law 1, no. 1 (January 2003): 79-98.
Valea, Daniela Cristina. "The Role of the Romanian Constitutional Court in Protecting and Promoting Human Fundamental Rights and Freedoms."
Accessed August 2, 2018. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271880289_The_Role_of_the_Romanian_Venning, Philippa. "Determination of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by the Indonesian Constitutional Court." Australian Journal of Asian Law 10, no. 1 (2008): 100-132.
Widayati. "Problem Ketidakpatuhan Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Pengujian Undang-Undang [Problems of Non-Compliance with the Constitutional Court's Decision Regarding Judicial Review]." Journal of Pembaharuan Hukum IV, no. 1 (January - April 2017): 1-14.
Downloads
Published
2019-12-18
How to Cite
Hastuti, P. (2019). Shifting the Character of the Constitutional Court Decision Influenced by Political Constellation in Indonesia. Constitutional Review, 5(2), 330–357. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev526
Issue
Section
Articles
